Nutritional Studies on Threonine

The definition of threonine

Threonine was isolated and identified by W.C. Rose in 1935. In 1936, Meger studied the structure of its space, because the structure and Su sugar similar, it will be named threonine. Threonine has four isomers, naturally occurring and the physiological role of the body is L-threonine.

The nature of L-threonine

L-threonine is an essential amino acid, threonine is mainly used in medicine, chemical reagents, food fortifiers, feed additives and so on. Threonine is a white orthorhombic or crystalline powder. Odorless, slightly sweet taste. 253°C melting and decomposition. High temperature soluble in water, 25°C solubility of 20.5g/100ml. Isoelectric point 5.6. Insoluble in ethanol, ether and chloroform. Threonine should be packed in brown wide-mouth glass bottles. Store in a cool, dry place away from light.

Threonine metabolic pathway

Threonine in the body’s metabolic pathway and other amino acids, is the only non-dehydrogenase and transamination, but by threonine dehydratase (TDH) and threonine enzyme (TDG) and aldehyde condensation Enzyme catalysis and other substances into amino acids. There are three main ways: by aldolase metabolism of glycine and acetaldehyde; by TDG metabolism of aminopropionic acid, glycine, acetyl COA; by TDH metabolism of propionic acid and α-amino butyric acid.

Functions of Threonine

1. Mainly used as nutritional supplements. And glucose were easy to generate a total of Jiao Xiang and chocolate fragrance, with aroma effect. Can also be used for biochemical research.
2. For feed nutrition fortifier, threonine is an essential amino acid. Threonine is often added to feed for young piglets and poultry, the second limiting amino acid for pig feed and the third limiting amino acid for poultry feed. Added to wheat, barley and other grain-based feed.
3. Nutritional additives, is also used to prepare amino acid infusion and comprehensive amino acid preparations.
4. for the digestive ulcer adjuvant therapy. Can also cure anemia and angina, aortitis, heart failure and other cardiovascular system disorders.
5. Threonine, isolated and identified by WCRose in 1935 from the fibrin hydrolyzate, has been shown to be the last essential amino acid found to be the second or Three limiting amino acids, which in animal body has an extremely important physiological role. Such as promoting growth, improving immune function; balanced dietary amino acids, the amino acid ratio closer to the ideal protein, thereby reducing livestock protein content of feed requirements. Lack of threonine, can lead to reduced feed intake, growth retardation, decreased feed utilization, immune function inhibition and other symptoms. In recent years, lysine, methionine synthetics have been widely used in feed, Threonine gradually become a limiting factor in animal production performance, threonine for further research, help to effectively guide livestock production .

Threonine is an amino acid that can not be synthesized by the animal itself, but is very necessary. It can be used to balance the amino acid composition of the feed accurately, meet the needs of animal growth and maintenance, increase weight gain and lean meat percentage, Can improve the nutritional value of feed ingredients with low amino acid digestibility, improve low-energy feed production performance; can reduce the level of feed protein, improve feed nitrogen utilization, reduce feed costs; can be used for pigs, chickens, ducks and senior aquatic products Breeding and breeding. L-Threonine is the use of bio-engineering principles, with corn starch and other raw materials through the liquid deep fermentation, refined and produced by the feed additives. Can adjust the amino acid balance in feed, promote growth, improve meat quality, improve the nutritional value of feed ingredients with low amino acid digestibility, produce low-protein feed, help to save protein resources, reduce feed raw material costs, reduce animal manure and urine In the nitrogen content of livestock and poultry houses ammonia concentration and release rate. Widely used to add piglets feed, pig feed, broiler feed, shrimp feed and eel feed.

6. Threonine in the catabolism of the body, is the only non-deamination and transamination amino role, but directly through the threonine dehydratase, threonine dehydrogenase and threonine ammonia Acid aldolase catalyzes the conversion of amino acids into other substances, for example, threonine can be converted to butyryl-CoA, succinyl-CoA, serine, glycine and the like. In addition, excessive threonine can increase the activity of lysine-α-ketoglucose reductase. Adding threonine in the diet can eliminate the weight loss caused by excessive lysine. The protein in liver and muscle/DNA, RNA/DNA ratio decreased. The addition of threonine also reduced growth inhibition caused by tryptophan or methionine excess. It is reported that the absorption of threonine in chicken most of the duodenum, crop mumps and glandular stomach after the rapid absorption of threonine into liver protein, deposited in the body.

Threonine production and detection methods

Threonine production methods are the main methods of fermentation protein hydrolysis and chemical synthesis of three kinds of microbial fermentation production of threonine, because of its simple process, the advantages of low cost has become the mainstream method. Fermentation intermediates in the process of determination of threonine content of a variety of methods, mainly amino acid analyzer method, ninhydrin method, paper chromatography, formaldehyde titration and so on.

Nutritional Studies on Threonine

1, used to balance amino acids, promote protein synthesis and deposition

2, to improve feed intake

3, immune function

4, regulating fat metabolism

5, reduce piglet diarrhea rate

At present, the German scientists in the human blood found a Threonine, the experiment found that it can prevent the HIV attachment and invasion of somatic cells, by interfering with the surface protein of HIV, it can not play a role. The discovery of this amino acid provides a path for the development of anti-AIDS drugs.